By : Yohanes Mgalai Nobessito
What is AIDS?
Apa itu AIDS?
AIDS adalah singkatan dari: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
AIDS adalah kondisi medis. Seseorang didiagnosa AIDS ketika sistem kekebalan tubuh mereka terlalu lemah untuk melawan infeksi.
Sejak AIDS pertama kali diidentifikasi pada awal tahun 1980, jumlah belum pernah terjadi sebelumnya orang telah terkena dampak epidemi AIDS global. Saat ini, diperkirakan ada 35,3 juta orang yang hidup dengan HIV dan AIDS di seluruh dunia. 1 Apa yang menyebabkan AIDS?
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, disingkat AIDS, disebabkan oleh HIV. Beberapa orang menyebut AIDS sebagai infeksi HIV maju.
HIV adalah virus yang secara bertahap menyerang sel sistem kekebalan tubuh. Seperti kerusakan HIV semakin sel-sel, tubuh menjadi lebih rentan terhadap infeksi, yang akan mengalami kesulitan dalam memerangi. Hal ini pada titik infeksi HIV sangat maju bahwa seseorang dikatakan memiliki AIDS. Jika tidak diobati, dapat mengambil sekitar sepuluh tahun sebelum HIV telah merusak sistem kekebalan tubuh cukup untuk AIDS untuk berkembang.
Lihat halaman Penularan HIV kami untuk mengetahui bagaimana HIV ditularkan, dan bagian Pencegahan HIV untuk bagaimana mencegah infeksi HIV.
AIDS adalah singkatan dari: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
AIDS adalah kondisi medis. Seseorang didiagnosa AIDS ketika sistem kekebalan tubuh mereka terlalu lemah untuk melawan infeksi.
Sejak AIDS pertama kali diidentifikasi pada awal tahun 1980, jumlah belum pernah terjadi sebelumnya orang telah terkena dampak epidemi AIDS global. Saat ini, diperkirakan ada 35,3 juta orang yang hidup dengan HIV dan AIDS di seluruh dunia. 1 Apa yang menyebabkan AIDS?
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, disingkat AIDS, disebabkan oleh HIV. Beberapa orang menyebut AIDS sebagai infeksi HIV maju.
HIV adalah virus yang secara bertahap menyerang sel sistem kekebalan tubuh. Seperti kerusakan HIV semakin sel-sel, tubuh menjadi lebih rentan terhadap infeksi, yang akan mengalami kesulitan dalam memerangi. Hal ini pada titik infeksi HIV sangat maju bahwa seseorang dikatakan memiliki AIDS. Jika tidak diobati, dapat mengambil sekitar sepuluh tahun sebelum HIV telah merusak sistem kekebalan tubuh cukup untuk AIDS untuk berkembang.
Lihat halaman Penularan HIV kami untuk mengetahui bagaimana HIV ditularkan, dan bagian Pencegahan HIV untuk bagaimana mencegah infeksi HIV.
Pada tahap ini , mempersiapkan kematian dan diskusi terbuka tentang
apakah seseorang akan mati sering membantu dalam menangani masalah dan
memastikan keinginan akhir diikuti .
Apa saja gejala AIDS ?Seseorang didiagnosa AIDS ketika mereka telah mengembangkan kondisi atau gejala AIDS terkait , yang disebut infeksi oportunistik , atau kanker terkait AIDS. Infeksi disebut ' oportunistik ' karena mereka mengambil keuntungan dari kesempatan yang ditawarkan oleh sistem kekebalan tubuh yang lemah .Hal ini dimungkinkan bagi seseorang untuk dapat didiagnosis dengan AIDS bahkan jika mereka belum mengembangkan infeksi oportunistik . AIDS dapat didiagnosis ketika jumlah sel-sel sistem kekebalan tubuh ( sel CD4 ) dalam darah dari orang HIV positif turun di bawah tingkat tertentu .Apakah ada obat untuk AIDS ?Mengkhawatirkan , banyak orang berpikir ada 'obat' untuk HIV , virus penyebab AIDS - yang mungkin membuat mereka mengambil risiko bahwa mereka tidak sebaliknya. Namun, masih belum ada obat untuk HIV . Satu-satunya cara untuk memastikan bahwa Anda menghindari AIDS adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana HIV ditularkan dan bagaimana mencegah infeksi HIV .Namun, orang dapat mengambil ART , yang menekan virus HIV . Hal ini dapat mencegah mereka dari mencapai titik di mana mereka didiagnosis dengan AIDS . Juga , dalam beberapa kasus , adalah mungkin bagi orang yang memiliki diagnosis AIDS untuk mendapatkan kembali sistem kekebalan yang kuat dengan terapi antiretroviral . Namun, setelah seseorang didiagnosa menderita AIDS , secara resmi mereka tetap diagnosis ini untuk hidup meskipun dalam kenyataannya infeksi oportunistik dapat disembuhkan atau jumlah sel-sel sistem kekebalan tubuh ( sel CD4 ) dalam darah mereka bisa meningkat sampai tingkat yang direkomendasikan . 2Berapa banyak orang yang telah meninggal karena AIDS ?Sejak kasus pertama AIDS diidentifikasi pada tahun 1981 , lebih dari 30 juta orang telah meninggal akibat AIDS . Diperkirakan 1,7 juta orang meninggal akibat AIDS pada tahun 2011 saja .Meskipun tidak ada obat untuk AIDS , infeksi HIV dapat dicegah , dan mereka yang hidup dengan HIV dapat mengambil obat antiretroviral untuk mencegah atau menunda timbulnya AIDS . Namun, di banyak negara di seluruh dunia akses ke layanan pencegahan dan pengobatan terbatas . Pemimpin global telah berjanji untuk bekerja menuju akses universal untuk pencegahan dan perawatan HIV , sehingga jutaan kematian dapat dihindari .Bagaimana AIDS diobati ?
Pengobatan Pengobatan HIV antiretroviral dapat secara signifikan memperpanjang hidup orang yang hidup dengan HIV . Terapi kombinasi modern sangat efektif dan seseorang dengan HIV yang
memakai pengobatan bisa hidup selama sisa hidup mereka tanpa
mengembangkan AIDS .Sebuah diagnosis AIDS tidak selalu sama dengan hukuman mati . Banyak
orang masih bisa mendapatkan keuntungan dari memulai terapi
antiretroviral bahkan setelah mereka telah mengembangkan penyakit
mendefinisikan AIDS . Pengobatan yang lebih baik dan pencegahan untuk infeksi oportunistik
juga membantu untuk meningkatkan kualitas dan panjang hidup mereka yang
didiagnosis dengan AIDS .Mengobati beberapa infeksi oportunistik lebih mudah daripada yang lain . Infeksi
seperti herpes zoster dan kandidiasis mulut , tenggorokan atau vagina ,
dapat dikelola secara efektif dalam lingkungan yang paling . Di sisi lain , infeksi yang lebih kompleks seperti toksoplasmosis ,
membutuhkan peralatan medis canggih dan infrastruktur , yang kurang di
banyak daerah miskin sumber daya .Hal ini juga penting bahwa pengobatan diberikan untuk nyeri terkait
AIDS , yang dialami oleh hampir semua orang pada tahap sangat maju dari
infeksi HIV .Mengapa orang masih mengembangkan AIDS saat ini ?Meskipun
pengobatan antiretroviral dapat mencegah timbulnya AIDS pada orang yang
hidup dengan HIV , banyak orang masih didiagnosis dengan AIDS hari ini.
Ada empat alasan utama untuk ini :
Di banyak negara miskin sumber daya ART tidak tersedia secara luas . Bahkan di negara-negara kaya , seperti Amerika , banyak orang yang tidak tercakup oleh asuransi kesehatan dan tidak mampu mendapatkan pengobatan .
Beberapa orang yang terinfeksi HIV di tahun-tahun awal epidemi sebelum terapi kombinasi yang tersedia , kemudian telah mengembangkan resistensi obat dan karena itu telah membatasi pilihan pengobatan .
Banyak orang yang tidak pernah diuji untuk HIV dan hanya menjadi sadar mereka terinfeksi virus setelah mereka telah mengembangkan penyakit terkait AIDS. Orang-orang ini berada pada risiko kematian yang lebih tinggi , karena mereka cenderung kurang menanggapi terhadap pengobatan pada tahap ini .
Kadang-kadang orang yang memakai pengobatan tidak dapat mematuhi , atau mentolerir efek samping obat .Merawat orang dengan AIDSPada stadium akhir dari AIDS , seseorang akan membutuhkan perawatan paliatif dan dukungan emosional . Di banyak bagian dunia , teman-teman , keluarga dan organisasi AIDS memberikan perawatan berbasis rumah . Hal ini terutama terjadi di negara-negara dengan prevalensi HIV yang tinggi dan sistem kesehatan kewalahan .Kehidupan akhir perawatan menjadi penting ketika seseorang telah mencapai tahap akhir AIDS .
Di banyak negara miskin sumber daya ART tidak tersedia secara luas . Bahkan di negara-negara kaya , seperti Amerika , banyak orang yang tidak tercakup oleh asuransi kesehatan dan tidak mampu mendapatkan pengobatan .
Beberapa orang yang terinfeksi HIV di tahun-tahun awal epidemi sebelum terapi kombinasi yang tersedia , kemudian telah mengembangkan resistensi obat dan karena itu telah membatasi pilihan pengobatan .
Banyak orang yang tidak pernah diuji untuk HIV dan hanya menjadi sadar mereka terinfeksi virus setelah mereka telah mengembangkan penyakit terkait AIDS. Orang-orang ini berada pada risiko kematian yang lebih tinggi , karena mereka cenderung kurang menanggapi terhadap pengobatan pada tahap ini .
Kadang-kadang orang yang memakai pengobatan tidak dapat mematuhi , atau mentolerir efek samping obat .Merawat orang dengan AIDSPada stadium akhir dari AIDS , seseorang akan membutuhkan perawatan paliatif dan dukungan emosional . Di banyak bagian dunia , teman-teman , keluarga dan organisasi AIDS memberikan perawatan berbasis rumah . Hal ini terutama terjadi di negara-negara dengan prevalensi HIV yang tinggi dan sistem kesehatan kewalahan .Kehidupan akhir perawatan menjadi penting ketika seseorang telah mencapai tahap akhir AIDS .
Epidemi AIDS globalSekitar 2,5 juta orang menjadi terinfeksi HIV pada tahun 2011 Sub - Sahara Afrika telah paling terpukul oleh epidemi . ; pada tahun 2011 lebih dari dua - pertiga dari kematian AIDS di wilayah ini .Epidemi memiliki dampak buruk pada masyarakat , ekonomi dan infrastruktur . Di negara-negara yang paling parah terkena dampak , harapan hidup telah berkurang sebanyak 20 tahun . Orang
dewasa muda di masa produktif mereka adalah yang paling berisiko
populasi , begitu banyak negara telah menghadapi perlambatan pertumbuhan
ekonomi dan peningkatan kemiskinan rumah tangga . HIV dan AIDS di Asia menyebabkan kerugian yang lebih besar dari produktivitas dibanding penyakit lainnya . Tahun
paling produktif orang dewasa juga mereka yang paling reproduksi dan
begitu banyak dari kelompok usia yang telah meninggal karena AIDS telah
meninggalkan anak-anaknya . Di sub - Sahara Afrika epidemi AIDS telah yatim hampir 15 juta anak .Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir , respon terhadap epidemi telah diintensifkan ; tahun 2002-2008 pengeluaran untuk HIV dan AIDS di negara-negara berpenghasilan rendah dan menengah meningkat 6 kali lipat . Sejak
2008 , belanja tidak bertambah sehingga secara substansial , tetapi
masih jauh lebih tinggi dari itu sebelum tahun 2002 . Jumlah orang yang
menjalani pengobatan antiretroviral meningkat , jumlah kematian tahunan
AIDS telah menurun , dan persentase global orang yang terinfeksi HIV telah stabil .Namun, prestasi baru-baru ini tidak harus mengarah pada sikap berpuas diri . Di
semua bagian dunia , orang yang hidup dengan HIV masih menghadapi
stigma dan diskriminasi terkait AIDS , dan banyak orang masih tidak
dapat mengakses perawatan HIV yang cukup dan perawatan . Di
Eropa Timur tingkat infeksi meningkat , dan di Eropa Barat dan Amerika
masih ada puluhan ribu infeksi baru setiap tahun - yang menunjukkan
bahwa pencegahan HIV adalah sama pentingnya sekarang seperti yang pernah
telah . Upaya pencegahan yang telah terbukti efektif perlu ditingkatkan -up dan pengobatan target tercapai. Komitmen dari pemerintah nasional sampai ke tingkat masyarakat perlu
ditingkatkan dan kemudian bertemu , sehingga suatu hari dunia akan
melihat mengakhiri epidemi AIDS global.Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang HIV dan AIDSSelain ratusan halaman informatif tentang HIV dan AIDS , website
AVERT memiliki cara interaktif untuk mempelajari lebih lanjut tentang
HIV dan AIDS .
The AVERT AIDS Game adalah cara yang bagus untuk melihat seberapa banyak Anda tahu tentang HIV dan AIDS .
Anda dapat menguji pengetahuan Anda tentang HIV dan AIDS dengan mencoba salah satu kuis online kami .
Galeri foto kami memiliki ratusan HIV dan AIDS foto terkait dari seluruh dunia .
The AVERT Galeri video memiliki sejumlah video pendek yang berkaitan dengan HIV dan AIDS .
Akhirnya, Anda dapat membaca cerita yang telah dikirimkan kepada kami dari orang-orang yang baik hidup dengan HIV atau yang telah terkena dampak HIV dan AIDS .
What are the symptoms of AIDS?
==============================================
The AVERT AIDS Game adalah cara yang bagus untuk melihat seberapa banyak Anda tahu tentang HIV dan AIDS .
Anda dapat menguji pengetahuan Anda tentang HIV dan AIDS dengan mencoba salah satu kuis online kami .
Galeri foto kami memiliki ratusan HIV dan AIDS foto terkait dari seluruh dunia .
The AVERT Galeri video memiliki sejumlah video pendek yang berkaitan dengan HIV dan AIDS .
Akhirnya, Anda dapat membaca cerita yang telah dikirimkan kepada kami dari orang-orang yang baik hidup dengan HIV atau yang telah terkena dampak HIV dan AIDS .
What are the symptoms of AIDS?
==============================================
What is AIDS?
AIDS stands for: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
AIDS is a medical condition. A person is diagnosed with AIDS when their immune system is too weak to fight off infections.Since AIDS was first identified in the early 1980s, an unprecedented number of people have been affected by the global AIDS epidemic. Today, there are an estimated 35.3 million people living with HIV and AIDS worldwide. 1
What causes AIDS?
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, shortened AIDS, is caused by HIV. Some people may refer to AIDS as advanced HIV infection.HIV is a virus that gradually attacks immune system cells. As HIV progressively damages these cells, the body becomes more vulnerable to infections, which it will have difficulty in fighting off. It is at the point of very advanced HIV infection that a person is said to have AIDS. If left untreated, it can take around ten years before HIV has damaged the immune system enough for AIDS to develop.
See our HIV Transmission page to find out how HIV is passed on, and our HIV Prevention section for how to prevent an HIV infection.
What is AIDS?
AIDS stands for: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
AIDS is a medical condition. A person is diagnosed with AIDS when their immune system is too weak to fight off infections.
Since AIDS was first identified in the early 1980s, an unprecedented number of people have been affected by the global AIDS epidemic. Today, there are an estimated 35.3 million people living with HIV and AIDS worldwide. 1
What causes AIDS?
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, shortened AIDS, is caused by HIV. Some people may refer to AIDS as advanced HIV infection.
HIV is a virus that gradually attacks immune system cells. As HIV progressively damages these cells, the body becomes more vulnerable to infections, which it will have difficulty in fighting off. It is at the point of very advanced HIV infection that a person is said to have AIDS. If left untreated, it can take around ten years before HIV has damaged the immune system enough for AIDS to develop.
See our HIV Transmission page to find out how HIV is passed on, and our HIV Prevention section for how to prevent an HIV infection.
- See more at:
http://www.avert.org/aids.htm#sthash.nxn7Pl3F.dpuf
What is AIDS?
AIDS stands for: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
AIDS is a medical condition. A person is diagnosed with AIDS when their immune system is too weak to fight off infections.Since AIDS was first identified in the early 1980s, an unprecedented number of people have been affected by the global AIDS epidemic. Today, there are an estimated 35.3 million people living with HIV and AIDS worldwide. 1
What causes AIDS?
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, shortened AIDS, is caused by HIV. Some people may refer to AIDS as advanced HIV infection.HIV is a virus that gradually attacks immune system cells. As HIV progressively damages these cells, the body becomes more vulnerable to infections, which it will have difficulty in fighting off. It is at the point of very advanced HIV infection that a person is said to have AIDS. If left untreated, it can take around ten years before HIV has damaged the immune system enough for AIDS to develop.
See our HIV Transmission page to find out how HIV is passed on, and our HIV Prevention section for how to prevent an HIV infection.
A person is diagnosed with AIDS when they have developed an AIDS related condition or symptom, called an opportunistic infection, or an AIDS related cancer. The infections are called ‘opportunistic’ because they take advantage of the opportunity offered by a weakened immune system.
It is possible for someone to be diagnosed with AIDS even if they have not developed an opportunistic infection. AIDS can be diagnosed when the number of immune system cells (CD4 cells) in the blood of an HIV positive person drops below a certain level.
Is there a cure for AIDS?
Worryingly, many people think there is a 'cure' for HIV, the virus that causes AIDS - which perhaps makes them take risks that they otherwise wouldn't. However, there is still no cure for HIV. The only way to ensure that you avoid AIDS is to be aware of how HIV is transmitted and how to prevent HIV infection.
However, people can take antiretroviral treatment, which suppresses the HIV virus. This can prevent them from reaching a point where they are diagnosed with AIDS. Also, in some cases, it is possible for a person who has an AIDS diagnosis to regain a strong immune system with antiretroviral therapy. However, once somebody is diagnosed with AIDS, officially they keep this diagnosis for life even though in reality an opportunistic infection may be cured or the number of immune system cells (CD4 cells) in their blood may increase to recommended levels. 2
How many people have died from AIDS?
Since the first cases of AIDS were identified in 1981, more than 30 million people have died from AIDS. An estimated 1.7 million people died as a result of AIDS in 2011 alone.
Although there is no cure for AIDS, HIV infection can be prevented, and those living with HIV can take antiretroviral drugs to prevent or delay the onset of AIDS. However, in many countries across the world access to prevention and treatment services is limited. Global leaders have pledged to work towards universal access to HIV prevention and care, so that millions of deaths can be averted.
How is AIDS treated?
HIV Treatment Antiretroviral treatment can significantly prolong the lives of people living with HIV. Modern combination therapy is highly effective and someone with HIV who is taking treatment could live for the rest of their life without developing AIDS.
An AIDS diagnosis does not necessarily equate to a death sentence. Many people can still benefit from starting antiretroviral therapy even once they have developed an AIDS defining illness. Better treatment and prevention for opportunistic infections have also helped to improve the quality and length of life for those diagnosed with AIDS.
Treating some opportunistic infections is easier than others. Infections such as herpes zoster and candidiasis of the mouth, throat or vagina, can be managed effectively in most environments. On the other hand, more complex infections such as toxoplasmosis, need advanced medical equipment and infrastructure, which are lacking in many resource-poor areas.
It is also important that treatment is provided for AIDS related pain, which is experienced by almost all people in the very advanced stages of HIV infection.
Why do people still develop AIDS today?
Even though antiretroviral treatment can prevent the onset of AIDS in a person living with HIV, many people are still diagnosed with AIDS today. There are four main reasons for this:
In many resource-poor countries antiretroviral treatment is not widely available. Even in wealthier countries, such as America, many individuals are not covered by health insurance and cannot afford treatment.
Some people who became infected with HIV in the early years of the epidemic before combination therapy was available, have subsequently developed drug resistance and therefore have limited treatment options.
Many people are never tested for HIV and only become aware they are infected with the virus once they have developed an AIDS related illness. These people are at a higher risk of mortality, as they tend to respond less well to treatment at this stage.
Sometimes people taking treatment are unable to adhere to, or tolerate the side effects of drugs.
Caring for a person with AIDS
In the later stages of AIDS, a person will need palliative care and emotional support. In many parts of the world, friends, family and AIDS organisations provide home based care. This is particularly the case in countries with high HIV prevalence and overstretched healthcare systems.
End of life care becomes necessary when a person has reached the very final stages of AIDS. At this stage, preparing for death and open discussion about whether a person is going to die often helps in addressing concerns and ensuring final wishes are followed.
The global AIDS epidemic
Around 2.5 million people became infected with HIV in 2011. Sub-Saharan Africa has been hardest hit by the epidemic; in 2011 over two-thirds of AIDS deaths were in this region.
The epidemic has had a devastating impact on societies, economies and infrastructures. In countries most severely affected, life expectancy has been reduced by as much as 20 years. Young adults in their productive years are the most at-risk population, so many countries have faced a slow-down in economic growth and an increase in household poverty. HIV and AIDS in Asia causes a greater loss of productivity than any other disease. An adult's most productive years are also their most reproductive and so many of the age group who have died from AIDS have left children behind. In sub-Saharan Africa the AIDS epidemic has orphaned nearly 15 million children.
In recent years, the response to the epidemic has been intensified; from 2002-2008 spending on HIV and AIDS in low- and middle-income countries increased 6-fold. Since 2008, spending has not increased so substantially, but it is still significantly higher than it was before 2002. The number of people on antiretroviral treatment has increased, the annual number of AIDS deaths has declined, and the global percentage of people infected with HIV has stabilised.
However, recent achievements should not lead to complacent attitudes. In all parts of the world, people living with HIV still face AIDS related stigma and discrimination, and many people still cannot access sufficient HIV treatment and care. In Eastern Europe infection rates are rising, and in Western Europe and America there are still tens of thousands of new infections each year - indicating that HIV prevention is just as important now as it ever has been. Prevention efforts that have proved to be effective need to be scaled-up and treatment targets reached. Commitments from national governments right down to the community level need to be intensified and subsequently met, so that one day the world might see an end to the global AIDS epidemic.
Learn more about HIV and AIDS
In addition to the hundreds of informative pages about HIV and AIDS, the AVERT website has interactive ways to learn more about HIV and AIDS.
The AVERT AIDS Game is a great way to see how much you know about HIV and AIDS.
You can test your knowledge of HIV and AIDS by trying one of our online quizzes.
Our photo gallery has hundreds of HIV and AIDS related photos from around the world.
The AVERT video gallery has a number of short videos related to HIV and AIDS.
Finally, you can read stories that have been sent to us from people who are either living with HIV or who have been affected by HIV and AIDS.
Referensi
1 UNAIDS ( 2013 ) ' Laporan Global : Laporan UNAIDS pada Epidemi AIDS Global 2013 ' .
2 Pusat Pengendalian dan Pencegahan Penyakit ( CDC ) ( 2008) ' Revisi Surveillance Definisi Kasus Infeksi HIV antara Dewasa , Remaja , dan Anak Usia < 18 Bulan dan Infeksi HIV dan AIDS antara Anak Usia 18 Bulan untuk < 13 tahun - . Amerika Amerika 2008 'sumber2011 UNAIDS Dunia Hari AIDS ReportKamis, 1 Desember, 2011AIDS di 30 : Bangsa di persimpanganJumat, 3 Juni, 2011Laporan UNAIDS pada Epidemi AIDS Global 2010Selasa, 1 Juni, 2010- Lihat lebih lanjut di : http://www.avert.org/aids.htm # sthash.nxn7Pl3F.dpuf
It is possible for someone to be diagnosed with AIDS even if they have not developed an opportunistic infection. AIDS can be diagnosed when the number of immune system cells (CD4 cells) in the blood of an HIV positive person drops below a certain level.
Is there a cure for AIDS?
Worryingly, many people think there is a 'cure' for HIV, the virus that causes AIDS - which perhaps makes them take risks that they otherwise wouldn't. However, there is still no cure for HIV. The only way to ensure that you avoid AIDS is to be aware of how HIV is transmitted and how to prevent HIV infection.
However, people can take antiretroviral treatment, which suppresses the HIV virus. This can prevent them from reaching a point where they are diagnosed with AIDS. Also, in some cases, it is possible for a person who has an AIDS diagnosis to regain a strong immune system with antiretroviral therapy. However, once somebody is diagnosed with AIDS, officially they keep this diagnosis for life even though in reality an opportunistic infection may be cured or the number of immune system cells (CD4 cells) in their blood may increase to recommended levels. 2
How many people have died from AIDS?
Since the first cases of AIDS were identified in 1981, more than 30 million people have died from AIDS. An estimated 1.7 million people died as a result of AIDS in 2011 alone.
Although there is no cure for AIDS, HIV infection can be prevented, and those living with HIV can take antiretroviral drugs to prevent or delay the onset of AIDS. However, in many countries across the world access to prevention and treatment services is limited. Global leaders have pledged to work towards universal access to HIV prevention and care, so that millions of deaths can be averted.
How is AIDS treated?
HIV Treatment Antiretroviral treatment can significantly prolong the lives of people living with HIV. Modern combination therapy is highly effective and someone with HIV who is taking treatment could live for the rest of their life without developing AIDS.
An AIDS diagnosis does not necessarily equate to a death sentence. Many people can still benefit from starting antiretroviral therapy even once they have developed an AIDS defining illness. Better treatment and prevention for opportunistic infections have also helped to improve the quality and length of life for those diagnosed with AIDS.
Treating some opportunistic infections is easier than others. Infections such as herpes zoster and candidiasis of the mouth, throat or vagina, can be managed effectively in most environments. On the other hand, more complex infections such as toxoplasmosis, need advanced medical equipment and infrastructure, which are lacking in many resource-poor areas.
It is also important that treatment is provided for AIDS related pain, which is experienced by almost all people in the very advanced stages of HIV infection.
Why do people still develop AIDS today?
Even though antiretroviral treatment can prevent the onset of AIDS in a person living with HIV, many people are still diagnosed with AIDS today. There are four main reasons for this:
In many resource-poor countries antiretroviral treatment is not widely available. Even in wealthier countries, such as America, many individuals are not covered by health insurance and cannot afford treatment.
Some people who became infected with HIV in the early years of the epidemic before combination therapy was available, have subsequently developed drug resistance and therefore have limited treatment options.
Many people are never tested for HIV and only become aware they are infected with the virus once they have developed an AIDS related illness. These people are at a higher risk of mortality, as they tend to respond less well to treatment at this stage.
Sometimes people taking treatment are unable to adhere to, or tolerate the side effects of drugs.
Caring for a person with AIDS
In the later stages of AIDS, a person will need palliative care and emotional support. In many parts of the world, friends, family and AIDS organisations provide home based care. This is particularly the case in countries with high HIV prevalence and overstretched healthcare systems.
End of life care becomes necessary when a person has reached the very final stages of AIDS. At this stage, preparing for death and open discussion about whether a person is going to die often helps in addressing concerns and ensuring final wishes are followed.
The global AIDS epidemic
Around 2.5 million people became infected with HIV in 2011. Sub-Saharan Africa has been hardest hit by the epidemic; in 2011 over two-thirds of AIDS deaths were in this region.
The epidemic has had a devastating impact on societies, economies and infrastructures. In countries most severely affected, life expectancy has been reduced by as much as 20 years. Young adults in their productive years are the most at-risk population, so many countries have faced a slow-down in economic growth and an increase in household poverty. HIV and AIDS in Asia causes a greater loss of productivity than any other disease. An adult's most productive years are also their most reproductive and so many of the age group who have died from AIDS have left children behind. In sub-Saharan Africa the AIDS epidemic has orphaned nearly 15 million children.
In recent years, the response to the epidemic has been intensified; from 2002-2008 spending on HIV and AIDS in low- and middle-income countries increased 6-fold. Since 2008, spending has not increased so substantially, but it is still significantly higher than it was before 2002. The number of people on antiretroviral treatment has increased, the annual number of AIDS deaths has declined, and the global percentage of people infected with HIV has stabilised.
However, recent achievements should not lead to complacent attitudes. In all parts of the world, people living with HIV still face AIDS related stigma and discrimination, and many people still cannot access sufficient HIV treatment and care. In Eastern Europe infection rates are rising, and in Western Europe and America there are still tens of thousands of new infections each year - indicating that HIV prevention is just as important now as it ever has been. Prevention efforts that have proved to be effective need to be scaled-up and treatment targets reached. Commitments from national governments right down to the community level need to be intensified and subsequently met, so that one day the world might see an end to the global AIDS epidemic.
Learn more about HIV and AIDS
In addition to the hundreds of informative pages about HIV and AIDS, the AVERT website has interactive ways to learn more about HIV and AIDS.
The AVERT AIDS Game is a great way to see how much you know about HIV and AIDS.
You can test your knowledge of HIV and AIDS by trying one of our online quizzes.
Our photo gallery has hundreds of HIV and AIDS related photos from around the world.
The AVERT video gallery has a number of short videos related to HIV and AIDS.
Finally, you can read stories that have been sent to us from people who are either living with HIV or who have been affected by HIV and AIDS.
Referensi
1 UNAIDS ( 2013 ) ' Laporan Global : Laporan UNAIDS pada Epidemi AIDS Global 2013 ' .
2 Pusat Pengendalian dan Pencegahan Penyakit ( CDC ) ( 2008) ' Revisi Surveillance Definisi Kasus Infeksi HIV antara Dewasa , Remaja , dan Anak Usia < 18 Bulan dan Infeksi HIV dan AIDS antara Anak Usia 18 Bulan untuk < 13 tahun - . Amerika Amerika 2008 'sumber2011 UNAIDS Dunia Hari AIDS ReportKamis, 1 Desember, 2011AIDS di 30 : Bangsa di persimpanganJumat, 3 Juni, 2011Laporan UNAIDS pada Epidemi AIDS Global 2010Selasa, 1 Juni, 2010- Lihat lebih lanjut di : http://www.avert.org/aids.htm # sthash.nxn7Pl3F.dpuf
- http://www.avert.org/aids.htm-
Lihat lebih lanjut di:
Lihat lebih lanjut di:
http://www.avert.org/aids.htm # sthash.nxn7Pl3F.dpuf
No comments:
Post a Comment